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An Examination of the European Refugee Crisis in Greece:
An Examination of the European Refugee Crisis in Greece:
Humanitarian Response or an Erosion of Sovereignty?
Humanitarian Response or an Erosion of Sovereignty?
The European Refugee Crisis paired with the Greek financial crisis, has come to be known as a joint “humanitarian crisis” in which both Greek citizens and refugees were targets of humanitarian efforts. In this paper, we will discuss the response of both the Greek state and the European Union in navigating humanitarian efforts in Greece. Additionally, we will examine the potential creation of a “surrogate state” and its implementation and role during the crisis. We will come to the conclusion that the European Union used humanitarianism as a tool to control and mitigate the influx of migrants traveling through the EU country of Greece. With political agendas in mind, the EU used less powerful states such as Greece and Turkey, to contain refugees in order to ensure the economic stability of more influential EU member states. In the pursuit of control, the EU has helped erode the sovereignty and autonomy of Greece.
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Examination of the Syrian and Ukrainian Refugee Crises:
Examination of the Syrian and Ukrainian Refugee Crises:
What Makes a “Worthy” Refugee?
What Makes a “Worthy” Refugee?
As world relations continue to evolve in the 21st century with ever-increasing globalization, so shifts the response to migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers throughout history. This paper examines the time period from the beginning of World War ll in 1939 to the present day in the wake of the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In this work we will identify the policies, attitudes, and public perceptions of the Western world surrounding refugees and asylum-seekers and how these responses have changed through the globalization of our world. This paper will discuss the change in public support of refugees by Western nations and their citizens. We will examine European Union support of this crises through host countries, financial aid, and public and political perspectives and attitudes towards refugees and asylum seekers. While examining these different facets, we will consider factors such as race, ethnicity, and religious affiliation as possible sources of disparity in public support for refugee assistance.
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Examination of the Palermo Protocol:
Examination of the Palermo Protocol:
Commitment, Compliance, and a Continued Progression to Combat Human Trafficking
Commitment, Compliance, and a Continued Progression to Combat Human Trafficking
On November 15, 2000 the United Nations General Assembly met in Palermo, Italy to adopt the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). The purpose of the convention was to address international crime on the global stage and “promote cooperation to prevent and combat transnational organized crime more effectively” (UNODC, n.d.-b). This convention was supplemented by three following protocols: the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, and the Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition (UNODC, n.d.-b).
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Human Trafficking in Ireland
Human Trafficking in Ireland
Policy Evaluation and Recommendation
Policy Evaluation and Recommendation
Ireland is ranked as a Tier 2 country in the 2021 United States TIP Report. However, according to the Global Slavery Index provided by Walk Free, Ireland rates relatively low on the prevalence of human trafficking, ranking 147 out of 167 countries listed (Walk Free). Though human trafficking does not appear to be abundant in Ireland with data provided by the government, Ireland has been recognized to have an underrepresentation of victims (TIP 299).
In this report, we will discuss types of trafficking that occur in Ireland, victims and traffickers in Ireland, and Ireland's response to trafficking. While reviewing this information, we will come to the conclusion that Ireland approaches human trafficking from a criminal justice approach as opposed to a human rights and victim-centered approach. Finally, we will discuss the following proposed policy recommendations to combat human trafficking in Ireland while having a victim-centered approach: increased training in victim identification, increased agency reporting, and non-criminalization of potential victims of human trafficking.
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